The Two Lolitas

.Reviewed by C. J. Singh (Berkeley, CA).In "Two Lolitas," Michael Maar, a leading German literary critic, makes a persuasive case for the likely antecedent of Lolita in a short story by Heinz von Lichberg."A cultivated man of middle age recounts the story ....It all starts, when travelling abroad, he takes a room as a lodger. The moment he sees the daughter of the house, he is lost. She is very young, but her charms instantly enslave him. Heedless of her tender age, he becomes intimate with her. In the end she dies, and the narrator - marked by her for ever - remains alone. The name of the girl supplies the title of the story: `Lolita.' It is the ninth of the fifteen tales in the collection 'The Accursed Gioconda,' and it appeared forty years before its famous homonym."Von Lichberg was a German aristocrat who regularly contributed articles to the "Berliner Lokal-Anzieger" in the 1920s and 30s and his book was widely available. Nabokov lived in Berlin during those two decades and was very likely familiar with his writings.Nabokov parodies on the name "Lolita" in his postmodernist novel  Pale Fire : "It was a year of tempests," and has Charles Kinbote annotate John Shade's lines: `Hurricane/Lolita swept from Florida to Maine' with the comment, "Why our poet chose to give his 1958 hurricane a little-used Spanish name (sometimes given to parrots) instead of Linda or Lois, is not clear." Nabokov also parodies on the name "Lolita" in his novel  Ada, or Ardor: A Family Chronicle .Maar's brief book reads like a gripping detective story. The appendix comprises two short stories by Lichberg: the 13-page "Lolita" short story and 7-page "Atomite." Maar concludes, graciously, that Nabokov's use of the Lichberg's storyline and the name could be a case of "cryptomnesia."Although Maar was a visiting professor at Stanford in 2002, he makes no mention of Nabokov's teaching there in 1941, as noted in the biography by Andrew Field and in  The Annotated Lolita  by Alfred Appel, as well as many other sources. The book's brief bibliography comprises mostly German language sources, one scholarly English article "On Lolita and the Problems of Plagiarism," by Elaine Fantham, in the American Philological Association Newsletter, June 2004, and three journalistic articles in English. The latter include "Novel Twist: Nabokov Family Rejects Lolita Plagiarism Claim," published in "The Guardian" issue of 2 April 2004.During his brief teaching stint at Stanford in 1941, Nabokov regularly played chess with his benefactor, Professor Henry Lanz, who was likely the model for Humbert Humbert. Lanz had at age 28 married a girl of 14 in London. "Over the chessboard, Lanz confided a dark secret that Nabokov told biographer Field: the memorably dapper professor led a double life. On weekends, he drove to the country to participate in orgies with 'nymphets.' He forced his wife to dress as a child. Another prominent Nabokov scholar and biographer, Brian Boyd, also concluded that Lanz was a 'nympholept' after reviewing Nabokov's extensive correspondence in the New York Public Library," writes Cynthia Haven. (I learned this from Haven's detailed article in The Stanford Alumni magazine, May-June 2006 issue -- now readily accessible on the internet with the entries "Stanford Alumni Magazine Lolita.")Maar's book has been generally well-received by Nabokov scholars.

I thought the book excellent and the premise quite interesting. Although I don't doubt that Nabokov consciously used the first Lolita as a starting point, one never really knows. Here's a curiosity from an April 3, 1959 Los Angeles Times column by the late Matt Weinstock, as found under the heading "Righting of the Left", at:[...]I've cut and pasted it as follows:"MENTION HERE of literary coincidences -- use of similar names or situations by fiction writers unknown to each other -- recalled an experience Harold Bell Wright once told Al Ball of Manhattan Beach.Shortly after Wright's book 'When a Man's a Man' was published, a stranger called on him, identified himself as a college professor, and said he had written a play three years before titled 'When a Man's a Man.' Furthermore, his principal character was Rags -- Wright's was Patches. In addition, he said there were 80 identical situations in the two stories.Wright could only express amazement.'How did you do it, Wright?' the stranger went on. 'My manuscript has been locked in a safe for three years. No one ever read it but me. It isn't possible.'He wasn't angry, only baffled. So was Wright."

A very interesting book.

An interesting premise but there's no proof readily available as to whether Nabokov read this authors work or knew of him even though the possibility exists- Nabokov's Lolita is a layered book- and although there are influences which can be documented considering certain aspects it- this story/work isn't one of them. We can say that Nabokov's style and the depth of his work is much different than what is discussed here. And his plot and tone differs in many ways- so the premise of this 'mystery' is highly questionable and not provable with the documentation available.

Ok, so the chapter headings are a bit tongue in cheek: "Supple Girls," "Lolita as Demon", "Little Lotte and the Fuhrer," etc. Nevertheless, "Two Lolitas" is essential reading for anyone who has fallen madly, madly, madly in love with Nabokov's book. Or for anyone interested in Nabokov or "Lolita" studies, which I've heard spoken of in rumors. The book traces the history of Heinz von Lichberg's short story, "Lolita" which Nabokov's far more notorious novel was inspired by...or was ripped off by.The author compares passages from both of the "two Lolitas" as well as other works by Nabokov that could have been influenced by Lichberg. Part biography, part comparative literature, part European history, somewhere in penumbra of who did or did not know what, and the mystery that is inspiration's origins, "two Lolitas" raises some interesting questions. First of all, does Lichberg's story exonerate Nabokov, who has oft been accused of a pervert writing a semi-autobiographical novel? Or does it lend "Lolita" itself (herself?) a mythic quality...the quality that would help explain the tale's immense success (not merely because of Nabokov's illustrious writing...he did, after all, write many other far less famous novels) as well as the idea that perhaps, nobody "owns" Lolita. As you read more and more of this excellent examination of history and two interesting personalities, it begins to seem as if "Lolita" is in fact, a mythic narrative, full of archetypes and symbolism, for the 20th and 21st century. As the author says near the end, "This is no tall tale, but a story with namy unresolved qustions-for the time being and possibly forever."The book also contains two stories by Lichberg in the appendix, which is extremely helpful for most readers who will probably not be familiar with his work.